Sanitation-Related Behavior, Container Index, and Their Associations with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Incidence in Karanganyar, Central Java
Abstract
Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) causes not only epidemic but also social and economic impacts. Environmental sanitation, water reservoirs, and community behavior can influence the incidence of DHF. This study aimed to examine sanitation-related behavior, container index, and their associations with dengue hemorrhagic fever incidence.
Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational field study using case control design. The study was conducted in sub-districts with the highest and lowest DHF cases in Karanganyar, Central Java, from May to July, 2017. A total sample of 120 study subjects was selected for this study using fixed disease sampling, including 40 people with DHF and 80 people without DHF. The dependent variable was DHF. The independent variables were age, education level, family income, container index, and sanitation behavior. The data were measured by a set of questionnaire and examined using path analysis.
Results: Sanitation behavior (b=1.50; 95% CI= 0.57 to 2.42, p=0.001) and Container Index (b=0.90; 95% CI= 0.03 to 1.84; p=0.057) were directly and positively associated with DHF incidence. Container Index was associated with sanitation behavior (b=2.09, 95% CI = 1.21 to 2.97, p<0.001). Age (b=-0.76, 95% CI = -1.60 to 0.08, p=0.074), education level (b=-1.02, 95% CI = -1.87 to -0.17, p=0.019), and family income (b=-0.70, 95% CI= -1.60 to 0.19, p=0.122) were associated with sanitation behavior.
Conclusion: DHF incidence is directly and positively associated with sanitation behavior, and container index. DHF incidence is indirectly associated with age, education level, and family income.
Keywords: dengue haemorhagic fever, sanitation, container index, behavior, path analysis
Correspondence: Nunik Maya Hastuti. School of Health Science Mitra Husada, Karanganyar, Central Java. Email: nunikmaya21@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285647279291.
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2017), 2(2): 174-185
https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2017.02.02.08
References
Achmadi UF. (2010). Manajemen Demam Berdarah Berbasis Wilayah. Buletin Jendela Epidemiologi, ISSN : 2087-1546.
Aji R, Kamaluddin MT, Salni, Sriati (2016). Environmental factors and indices related to dengue vector larva in Rejang Lebong District. International Research Journal of Public and Environmental Health, 3 (7): 162-166.
Bhatt S, Gething PW, Brady OJ, Messina JP, Farlow AW, Moyes CL (2013). The global distribution and burden of dengue. Nature. 496(7446):504–7.
Bohra A, Andrianasolo H (2001). Application of GIS in modeling of dengue risk based on sociocultural data: Case of Jalore, Rajasthan, India. Dengue Bull., 25: 92-102.
Bolarinwa OA (2015). Principles and Methods of Validity and Reliability Testing of Questionnaires Used in Social and Health Science Researches. Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 22: 195-201.
Chreswell JW (2012). Research Design Pendekatan Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan Mixed. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Cordeiro RMR, Donalisio VR, Andrade ACN, Mafra LB, Nucci JC, Brown, Stephan C (2011). Spatial distribution of the risk of dengue fever in South east Brazil, 2006-2007. BMC Public Health, 11: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-355.
Dalimunthe (2008). Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Program Pencegahan Malaria Di Kecamatan Saibu Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Sumatra Utara.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2001). Pedoman Pelaksanaan Sanitasi Lingkungan Dalam Pengendalian Vektor. Jakarta: DirJen PP & PL Depkes RI.
Dhimal M, Aryal KK, Dhimal ML, Gautam I, Singh SP, Bhusal CL, dan Kuch U (2014). Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dengue fever among the healthy population of highland and lowland communities in central Nepal. PloS One, 10.1371/journal.pone.0102028.g001.
Dung NT, Cam NN (2005). Dengue fever/ dengue hemorrhagic fever in Hanoi – 2003. Journal of Vietnam Preventive Medicine, 1: 73–77.
Duma N, Darmawansyah, Arsunan A (2007). Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kecamatan Baruga Kota Kendari. Jurnal Kesehatan. ISSN 0852-8144, 4(2):91-100.
Fadilla Z, Hadi UK, Setiyaningsih S (2015). Bioekologi vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) serta deteksi virus dengue pada Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) dan Ae. albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) di Kelurahan Endemik DBD Bantarjati, Kota Bogor. Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Indonesian Journal of Entomology, 12(1): 31–38.
Fathi T (2005) Environmental Factors Container is a factor that is very Acting Against Transmission of dengue. Purwokerto.
Fertman CI, Allensworth DD. (2010). Health Promotion Programs. USA: Jossey Bass.
Fibriana S (2004). Evaluation Process Monitoring Regional Flick Low Density (Study On Stage Lor village of Semarang).
Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K. (2008). Health Behavior and Health Education Theory, Research, and Practice. USA: Jossey Bass.
Heale R, Twycross A. (2016). Validity and Reliability in Quantitative Studies. Evidence Based Nursing 18(3): 66-67.
Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (2010). Buletin Jendela Epidemiologi: demam berdarah dengue. ISSN: 2087-1546 Vol.2 Agustus 2010.
_____ (2011). Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Penyakit Dan Penyehatan Lingkungan. Modul Pegendalian Demam Berdarah Dengue.
_____ (2012). Leaflet Cegah DBD dengan Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk (PSN)
_____ (2013). Pedoman Pengendalian Demam Berdarah Dengue di Indonesia. Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan.
_____ (2016). Kendalikan DBD dengan 3M Plus http:// www. depkes.go.id.html.
Kurane I (2007). Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever with Spesial Emphasis on Immunopathogenesis. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology & Infectious Disease. 30:329-40.
Koenraadt CJ, Tuiten W, Sithiprasasna R, Kijchalao U, Jones JW, dan Scott TW (2006). Dengue knowledge and practices and their impact on Aedes aegypti populations in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hygiene, 74: 692-697.
Masic I, Hodzic A, Mulic S (2014). Ethics in Medical Research and Publication. International Journal of Preventive Medicine 5(9): 1073-1082.
Masrizal, Sari NP (2015). Analisis Kasus DBD Berdasarkan Unsur Iklim Dan Kepadatan Penduduk Melalui Pendekatan GIS Di Tanah Datar Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Andalas http://Jurnal.Fkm.Unand.Ac.Id/Index.Php/Jkma/ P-Issn 1978-383 E-Issn 2442-6725 10(2)166-171. Diakses 12 Mei 2017.
Michener WK (2015). Ten Simple Rules for Creating a Good Data Management Plan. Plos Computational Biology 11(10): 1-9.
Muchlastriningsih S (2005) Factors Associated with incidence of dengue and Abatement Efforts in the District of West Cimanggis.Depok.Java.
Mulligan K, Dixon J, Sinn CJ, Elliott SJ (2015). Is dengue a disease of poverty? A systematic Review. Pathogens and Global Health, 109(1): 10-18.
Murti B (2013) Desain dan Ukuran Sampel untuk Penelitian Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif di Bidang Kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.
_____ (2016). Prinsip dan Metode Riset Epidemiologi. Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas Maret.
Nurbeti M, Jamil NA, Kuntari T, Sunarto, Ghazali HPL. (2012). Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat untuk Kompetensi Dokter Umum. Yogyakarta: Universitas Islam Indonesia.
Pambudi (2009). Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Partisipasi Kader Jumantik dalam Pemberantasan DBD di desa Ketitang Kecamatan Nogosari Kabupaten Boyolali Tahun 2009. Surakarta: UMS.
Penney TL, McIsaac JL, Storey K, Kontak J, Ata N, Kuhle S, Kirk SFL. (2016). Examining the Context of Health Promoting Schools: a Translational Approach to Characterization and Measurement of School Ethos to Support Health and Wellbeing. BMC Public Health.
Peraginangin H, Hasim, Pramudya B, Budiarti S (2009) Potret Kebijakan Pengendalian Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kabupaten Indramayu Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional, 4(3).
Prastyowati H (2013) Survey of Aedes larva and Nocturnal Activity SPP in Travel Market Pangandaran.
Profil Kesehatan Kabupaten Karanganyar (2015). Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Karanganyar.
Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah (2014). Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Xu G (2007). An Outbreak Of Dengue Virus Serotype 1 Infection In Cixi, Ningbo, People’s Republic Of China, 2004, Associated With A Traveler From Thailand And High Density of Aedes Albopictus. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 76(6): 1182-1188.
Ramos MM (2008). Epidemic Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever at the Texas–Mexico Border: Results of a Household based Seroepidemiologic Survey, December 2005. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 78(3): 364-369.
Rokim A (2017). Pengaruh Faktor – Faktor Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Dan Lingkungan Fisik wilayah Terhadap Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Di Kabupaten Jombang. Swara Bhumi.
Sahrir N, Ishak H, Maidin A (2016) Pemetaan Karakteristik Lingkungan Dan Densitas Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti Berdasarkan Status Endemisitas DBD Di Kecamatan Kolaka. JST Kesehatan, 6(1): 70 – 75.
Sari SK, Utama HW, Yanti I, Ranika M (2008). Pencapaian Program Pemberantasan Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Di Puskesmas Sukarami Palembang, http://klikharry. files.wordpress.com. diakses 5 Maret 2017.
Sukesi, Wahyuni T (2012). Monitoring Populasi Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti L. Vektor Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue Di Kelurahan Gedongkiwo Kecamatan Mantrijeron Kota Yogyakarta. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Health), 6(1).
Sinaga SN (2014). Kebijakan Penanggulangan Penyakit Demam Berdarah Di Indonesia Jurnal Ilmiah “Research Sainis”, 1(1).
Siregar FA, Abdullah MR, Omar J, Sarumpaet SM, Supriyadu T, Makmur T, Huda N (2015). Social and Environmental Determinants of Dengue Infection Risk in North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. Asian Journal of Epidemiology 8 (2): 23-35.
Siqueira JB, Martelli CM, Maciel IJ, Oliveira RM, dan Ribeiro MG, et al., (2004). Household survey of dengue infection in central Brazil: Spatial point pattern analysis and risk factors assessment. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hygiene, 71: 646-651.
Sulaeman ES, Murti B, Waryana. (2015). Aplikasi Model Precede-Proceed Pada Perencanaan Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Bidang Kesehatan Berbasis Penilaian Kebutuhan Kesehatan Masyarakat. Jurnal Kedokteran Yarsi 23(3): 149-164.
Sullivan GM (2011). A Primer on the Validity of Assessment Instruments. Journal of Graduate Medical Education 119-120.
Suresh K, Thomas SV, Suresh G. (2011). Design, Data Analysis and Sampling Techniques for Clinical Research. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 14(4): 287–290.
Suwannapong NM, Tipayamongkholgul AB, Boonshuyar C, Howteerakul N, Poolthin S (2014). Effect of community participation on household environment to mitigate dengue transmission in Thailand. Trop. Biomed, 31: 149-158.
Suyasa (2008). Hubungan faktor lingkungan dan perilaku masyarakat dengan keberadaan vektor demam berdarah dengue (DBD) diwilayah kerja Puskesmas I Denpasar Selatan. Ecotropic 3 (1): 1-6
Syatriani S, Puji E, Susilowati A (2009). Partisipasi Masyarakat Menanggulangi Lingkungan Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kecamatan Rappocini Kota Makasar Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional, 3(5).
Tang KF, Ooi EE (2012). Diagnosis of Dengue: An update. Expert Rev Anti Infect. 10(8):895–907.
Thomas P (2007). Dengue and Yellow Fever – Challenges for the Development and Use of Vaccines. N Engl J Med, 357: 2222-2225.
Timmreck (2004). Epidemiologi Suatu Pengantar (An Introduktion To Epidemiology) Edisi 2. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran, EGC.
Tavakol M, Dennick R (2011). Making Sense of Cronbach’s Alpha. International Journal of Medical Education 2: 53-55.
Toan DTT, Hoat LN, Hu W, Wright P, Martens P (2015). Risk factors associated with an outbreak of dengue fever/dengue haemorrhagic fever in Hanoi, Vietnam, Epidemiol. Infect., 1-5. doi:10.1017/S0950268814002647.
Triwinasis S (2009) Hubungan Antara Praktik Pemberantasan Nyamuk dengan Keberadaan jentik Aedes aegypti di Kelurahan Parakan Kecamatan Mergangsan Kota Yogyakarta. Semarang: FKM UNDIP.
Tsai AC, Scott JA, Hung KJ, Zhu JQ, Matthews LT, Psaros C, Tomlinson M. (2013). Reliability and Validity of Instruments for Assessing Perinatal Depression in African Settings: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Plos One 8(12): 1-12.
Utami RSB (2015). Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Tindakan Masyarakat Dengan Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) (Studi Di Kelurahan Putat Jaya Surabaya Tahun 2010–2014) Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi, 3(2): 242–253.
Vandiver VL (2009). Integrating Health Promotion and Mental Health. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wanti, Darmawan M (2012). Tempat Penampungan Air dan Kepadatan Jentik Aedes sp. di Daerah Endemis dan Bebas Demam Berdarah Dengue. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional, 9(2).
Wichmann O, Hongsiriwon S, Bowonwatanuwong C, Chotivanich K, Sukthana Y, Pukrittayakamee S (2004). Risk factors and clinical features associated with severe dengue infection in adults and children during the 2001 epidemic in Chonburi, Thailand. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 9(9): 1022–1029.
WHO (2001) Case Management Module Dengue hemorrhagic fever guidelines. Jakarta. EGC.
_____ (2003). Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Penyakit Demam Dengue dan Demam Berdarah Dengue. Jakarta: WHO & Depkes RI.
_____ (2003) Prevention and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Complete instructions Translation by Suroso, T. et al of Prevention Control of Dengue Haemorrhagic.
_____ (2009). Dengue. Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment prevention and control. Geneva. Diakses dari http://www.who.int/tdr/publications/documents/denguediagnosis.pdf) pada 3 Maret 2017.
_____ (2012). Best Practice For Dengue Prevention and Control. Geneva WHO and Ministry of Health in Jakarta.
Downloads
Published
2017-08-05
Issue
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2017)
Section
Articles
1.jpg)
