The Effectiveness of Ivermectin on the Risk of Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Meta Analysis
Abstract
Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become the highest priority of global pandemic. New and repurposed drugs are being tested on mild to moderate levels of COVID-19 to help suppress transmission of the virus. Ivermectin is one of the repurposed drugs with known safety records with more than 2.5 billion doses dispensed in the past. This study aims to estimate the effectiveness of ivermectin in reducing the risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients based on the results of a number of previous similar studies.
Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. This study used secondary data in the form of data from previous study results. A systematic and comprehensive database search was carried out through several databases including: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Springer Link. Analysis of this study was using RevMan 5.3 software. This study used the eligibility criteria with the PICO model, populations: covid-19 patients, intervention: ivermectin administration, comparison: patients without ivermectin, outcome: mortality in COVID-19 patients. The inclusion criteria used were full paper in English and Indonesian with a randomized controlled trial, including the number of deaths, and the primary study was conducted in a hospital. The keywords used to search the database were
Abd-Elsalam SA, Noor RA, Khalaf M, Medhat MA, Karam H, Ramadan A, Eldeen MAS, et al. (2021). Clinical study evaluating the efficacy of ivermectin in COVID-19 treatment: A randomized controlled study. J Med Virol. 2019: 10 doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.3071 Accessed in 20 Desember 2021. -273. doi: 10.4103/1995-7645.31-8304. at: https://covid19.go.id/peta-sebaran-covid19. 
How to Cite
References
Alam MT, Murshed R, Bhiuyan E, Saber S, Alam RF, Robin RC (2020). A case series of 100 covid-19 positive patients treated with combination of iver-mectin and doxycycline. J. Bangladesh Coll. Phys. Surg. 38: 10-15. doi: 10.3329/jbcps.v38i0.47512.
Andrew H, Anna G, Jacob L, Jonathan F, Leah E, Kaitlyn M, Victoria P, et al. (2021). Meta-analysis of randomized trials of ivermectin to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. Open Forum Infect Dis. 8(11): ofab358. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofab358.
Caly L, Druce JD, Catton MG, Jans DA, Wagsta KM (2020). The FDAapproved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. J.Antiviral Research. 178: 3-6. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104787.
Campbell WC (1985). Ivermectin: An Up-date. Parasitology Today. 1:1. doi: 10.1016/0169-4758(85)90100-0.
CASP (2018). Critical appraisal skills programme randomised controlled trial standard checklist. Retrieved from https://casp-uk.b-cdn.net/wp-con-tent/uploads/2020/10/CASP_RCT_Checklist_PDF_Fillable_Form.pdf.
Elgazzar A, Eltaweel A, Youssef SA, Hany B, Hafez M, Moussa H (2020). Efficacy and safety of ivermectin for treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19 pandemic. J. Res. 1-10. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs100956/v3.
Gorial FI, Sabeeh M, Hend MS, Basim DD, Marwan MA, Adnan MA, Hassan MA, Mohammed G, Jawad IR (2020). Effectiveness of ivermectin as add-on therapy in COVID-19 management. MedRxiv. 2(1): 2-13 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.07.20145979.
Gonzalez JLB, G
Han Q, Lin Q, Ni Z, You L (2020). Uncertainties about the transmission routes of 2019 novel coronavirus. J. irv. 14(4): 470-471. doi: 10.1111/irv.12735.
Hashim A, Hashim MF, Maulood AM. Rasheed, Dhurgham F, Fatak, Khulood K, Kabah AS, Abdulamir (2020). Controlled randomized clinical trial on using Ivermectin with Doxycycline for treating COVID-19 patients in Baghdad, Iraq. medRxiv. doi: 10.1101/2020.10.26.20219345
Johns Hopkins University of Medicine COVID-19 (2021). COVID-19 dash-board by the center for systems science and engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University. Available at: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html. Accessed 2-12-2021.
Kow C, Merchant HA, Mustafa ZU. Hasan SS (2021). The association between the use of ivermectin and mortality in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis. Pharmacol Rep. 73:1473-1479. doi: 10.1007/s43440-021-00245-z
L
Mills E. Early Treatment of COVID-19 with Repurposed Therapies: The TOGE-THER Adaptive Platform Trial (2021). Retrieved from: https://rethinkingclinicaltrials.org/news/august-6-2021-early-treatment-of-covid-19-with-repurposed-therapies-the-together-adaptive-platform-trial-edward-mills-phd-frcp/.
Murti B (2018). Prinsip dan metode riset epidemiologi edisi ke empat (principles and methods of epidemiological research, fourth edition). Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas Maret.
Shakhsi Niaee M, Namdar P, Allami A, Zolghadr L, Javadi A, Karampour A, Vernasari M, et al. (2021) Ivermectin as an adjunct treatment for hospi-talized adult COVID-19 patients: A randomized multi-center clinical trial. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 14(6):
Okumu N,
Rajter JC, Sherman MS, and Fatteh N (2021). Use of ivermectin is associated with lower mortality in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 The Ivermectin in COVID Nineteen Study. CHEST. 159(1): 85-92. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.10.009.
Ravikirti, Roy R, Pattadar C, Raj R, Argawal N, Biswas B, Majhi PK, et al. (2021). Ivermectin as a potential treatment for mild to moderate COVID-19
Satuan Tugas COVID-19 (2021). Peta sebaran COVID-19 di Indonesia, dasbor COVID-19 oleh pusat satuan tugas COVID-19 Indonesia (Map of the Spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia, COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for the Indonesian COVID-19 Task Force). Available
WHO (2021). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Dashboard at WHO. Available at: https://covid-19.who.int/. Accessed in 2-12-21.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Rahmah Purwaningsih Febri Susanti, Bhisma Murti, Dono Indarto, Maternal Employment Status, Ethnicity, Food Intake, and Their Effects on Teenage Obesity, in Surakarta , Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health: Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016)
- Muhammad Fahrezi Al Ghifari, Yulia Himawati, Aem Ismail, Bhisma Murti, Meta-Analysis: Effects of Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Low Physical Activity on Osteoporosis in Adults , Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health: Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024)
- Khairunissa Khairunissa, Didik Gunawan Tamtomo, Hanung Prasetya, Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Yoga Breathing Exercise (Pranayama) on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients , Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health: Vol. 6 No. 2 (2021)
- Cendekia Airedeta Mulianda, Bhisma Murti, Hanung Prasetya, Associations between Anxiety, Depression, and Poor Quality of Sleep on the Risk of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis , Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health: Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
- Anastasia Dwi Anggraeni, Bhisma Murti, Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi, Meta-Analysis: The Effectiveness of Zinc on Dhiarrea and Pneumonia in Children Under Five , Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health: Vol. 6 No. 1 (2021)
- Fetty Rosyadia Wachdin, Bhisma Murti, Argyo Demartoto, Phenomenology Study: Community Non Acceptance of Children with HIV/AIDS in Surakarta , Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health: Vol. 1 No. 3 (2016)
- Seindy Arya Kusuma Timoer, Bhisma Murti, RB Soemanto, Factor Analysis with Health Belief Model on the Adherence to Methadone Maintenance Therapy , Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health: Vol. 1 No. 1 (2016)
- Haris Sutopo, Bhisma Murti, Argyo Demartoto, Effect of Robot Assistive Therapy on Hand Functional Ability in Stroke Patients: Meta-Analysis , Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health: Vol. 8 No. 2 (2023)
- Priscilla Jessica Pihahey, Bhisma Murti, Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi, The Effects of Bacille Calmette-Guerin Immunization and Contact History on the Risk of Leprosy: Meta Analysis of Case Control Study , Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health: Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020)
- Dena Tri Solehaini, Bhisma Murti, Burhannudin Ichsan, Effects of Physical Activity, Fruit and Vegetables Intake, and Alcohol Consumption on Overweight or Obesity: Meta-Analysis , Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health: Vol. 8 No. 2 (2023)
1.jpg)
