Biopsychosocial Factors Associated with Child Growth at Ngembal Kulon Community Health Center, Kudus
Abstract
Background: The first five years of life is widely acknowledged as a sensitive period for child growth. Any interruption exposing during this period may cause problems in child growth. Various internal and external factors can affect child growth. This study aimed to analyze the effects of biopsychosocial factors associated with child growth with life course perspective.
Subjects and Method: This was an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. It was conducted at Ngembal Kulon community health center, Kudus, Central Java, from December 2016 to February 2017. A total sample of 160 children aged 1 to 5 years old and their mothers were selected for this study by purposive sampling. The dependent variable was child growth as measured by weight for age (WAZ) and height for age (HAZ). The independent variables were birth weight, body length at birth, maternal height, number of children, and family income. The data was collected by a set of questionnaire. Child and maternal heights were measured by microtoise. Data on birthweight and body length at birth were obtained from maternal and child health book. Multiple linear regression was used for data analysis.
Results: Child growth (WAZ) was associated with family income (b= 0.36; 95% CI= 0.22 to 0.49; p<0.001), birthweight (b= 0.42; 95% CI= 0.25 to 0.58; p<0.001), and number of children (b= -0.25; 95% CI= -0.42 to -0.08; p=0.004). Child growth (HAZ) was associated with family income (b= 0.26; 95% CI= 0.12 to 0.39; p<0.001), body length at birth (b=0.21; 95% CI= 0.12 to 0.30; p<0.001), and maternal height (b= 0.43; 95% CI= 0.27 to 0.58; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Child growth (WAZ) is associated with family income, birthweight, and number of children. Child growth (HAZ) is associated with family income, body length at birth, and maternal height. Life course influences were demonstrated in this study.
Keywords: child growth, WAZ, HAZ, birthweight, body length at birth, number of children, maternal height, family income
Correspondence: Th. Catur Wulan Setyaningrum. Academy of Midwifery Mardi Rahayu, Kudus. Email: theresia.akmr@yahoo.com. Mobile: 085641897987.
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2017), 2(2): 130-140
https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2017.02.02.04
References
Amaliah N, Sari K, Suryaputri IY (2016). Panjang Badan Lahir Pendek Sebagai Salah Satu Faktor Determinan Keterlambatan Tumbuh Kembang Anak Umur 6-23 Bulan Di Kelurahan Jaticempaka, Kecamatan Pondok Gede, Kota Bekasi. Jurnal Ekologi Kesehatan. 15 No (1): 43 – 55.
Amin NA, Hadi H (2015). Hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografi dan tinggi badan orang tua dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 6-23 bulan di Kecamatan Sedayu Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta. Elektronik Theses dan Dissertation (ETD) UGM.
Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Kudus (2014). Profil Kesehatan Kabupaten Kudus 2014. Kudus.
Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Kudus (2015). Profil Kesehatan Kabupaten Kudus 2015. Kudus.
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah (2014). Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Semarang.
Hanum F, Khomsan A, Heryatno Y (2014. Hubungan Asupan Gizi Dan Tinggi Badan Ibu Dengan Status Gizi Anak Balita. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan. 9(1): 1—6.
Irviani A., Ibrahim., Faramita R., 2015. Hubungan Faktor Sosial Ekonomi Keluarga dengan Kejadian Stunting Anak Usia 24-59 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Barombong Kota Makassar Tahun 2014. Public Health Science Journal. 7 (1).
Isnaini N (2016). Hubungan Pola Asuh, Pola Makan Dan Penyakit Infeksi Dengan Kejadian Gizi Buruk Pada Balita Di Kabupaten Magetan Tahun 2016. Skripsi. Surakarta: UMS.
Karundeng L.R., Ismanto A.Y., dan Kundre R. 2015. Hubungan Jarak Kelahiran dan Jumlah anak dengan status Gizi Balita di Puskesmas Kao Kecamatan Kao Kabupaten Halmahera Utara. eJournal Keperawatan (e-Kep). Vol 3. Nomor 1.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2012. Pedoman Pelaksanaan Stimulasi, Deteksi Dan Intervensi Dini Tumbuh Kembang Anak Ditingkat Pelayanan Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2013). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2013. Jakarta.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2015). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2014. Jakarta.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2016). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2015. Jakarta.
Kepmenkes RI Nomor: 828/MENKES/SK/ IX/2008 tentang Petunjuk Teknis Standar Pelayanan Minimal Bidang Kesehatan di Kabupaten/ Kota.
Lu C, Guevara IM, Hill K, Farmer P, Subramanian SV, Binagwaho A (2016). Community Based Health Financing and Child Stunting in Rural Rwanda. AJPH POLICY. 106(1).
Muqni AD, Hadju V, Jafar N (2012). Hubungan Berat Badan Lahir Dan Pelayanan Kia Terhadap Status Gizi Anak Balita Di Kelurahan Tamamaung Makassar. Media Gizi Masyarakat Indonesia. 1(2).
Murti B (1997). Prinsip Dan Metode Riset Epidemiologi. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.
Murti B (2013). Desain dan Ukuran Sampel Untuk Peneliitian Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif di Bidang Kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.
Ni’mah K, Nadhiroh SR (2015). Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita. Media Gizi Indonesia. 10(1): 13–19.
Nugroho A 2016. Determinan Growth Failure (Stunting) Pada Anak Umur 1 S/D 3 Tahun (Studi Di Kecamatan Tanjungkarang Barat Kota Bandar Lampung). Jurnal Kesehatan. 7(3): 470-479.
Onis DM, Blossner M, Borghi E (2011). Prevalence and trends of stunting among pre-school children, 1990–2020. Public Health Nutrition.
Prasetyo BE, Prawirohartono EP, Rahyaningsih (2008). Hubungan Jarak Kelahiran dan Jumlah Anak dengan Status Gizi Anak Taman Kanak-Kanak. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia, 4(3): 133-139.
Rieger M, Trommlerová SK (2016). Age Specific Correlates of Child Growth. Demography Springer. 53: 241
Santrock JW (2011). Masa Perkembangan Anak: Children. Jakarta: Salemba Humanika
Soetjiningsih (2014). (Editor: IG.N. Gde Ranuh). Tumbuh Kembang Anak. Jakarta: EGC.
