Meta-Analysis: Effect of Oral Contraceptives on Breast Cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2022.07.03.12Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a disease characterized by abnormal cell growth in the breast. Until now, breast cancer is a life-threatening disease in women and is the main cause of death among the female population. Oral contraceptives or pills are one of the risk factors for women developing breast cancer. This study aims to determine the effect of oral contraceptives on the incidence of breast cancer.
Subjects and Method: This research is a meta-analytical study and a systematic review. The articles used were obtained from several electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. The keywords to search for articles were as follows: Determinant OR risk factor AND breast cancer AND hormonal contraceptive OR oral contraceptive AND case control study. The article under study is a full text article with an observational study design. Articles were collected using the PRISMA diagram, and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.
Results: A total of 9 case control studies involving 6,811 women with breast cancer from several countries in Asia, Africa, and North America were selected for meta-analysis and systematic review. The data collected showed that women who used oral contraceptives had a risk of developing breast cancer as much as 1.82 times than those who did not use oral contraceptives (aOR= 1.82; 95% CI= 1.43 to 2.33; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Use of oral contraceptives increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
Keywords: oral contraceptives, breast cancer.
Correspondence:
Siti Nur Hanifah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: sitinurhanifah21@yahoo.com. Mobile: 085204219736.
References
Akram M, Iqbal M, Daniyal M, Khan AU (2017). Awareness and current knowledge of breast cancer. Biol Res. 50(33): 1-23. doi: 10.1186/s40659-017-0140-9.
Alsolami FJ, Azzeh FS, Ghafouri KJ, Ghaith MM, Almaimani RA, Almasmoum HA, Abdulal RH, et al. (2019). Determinants of breast cancer in Saudi women from Makkah region: A casecontrol study (breast cancer risk factors among Saudi women). BMC Public Health. 19(1): 1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7942-3.
American Cancer Society (2022). Breast cancer risk and prevention. https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/CRC/PDF/Public/8578.00.pdf.
American Cancer Society (2022). About breast cancer. Diakses dari https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/CRC/PDF/Public/8577.00.pdf.
American Cancer Society (2022). Breast Cancer Early Detection and Diagnosis. Diakses dari ://www.cancer.-org/content/dam/CRC/PDF/Public/8579.00.pdf.
Bardaweel SK, Akour AA, Al-Muhaissen S, Alsalamat HA, Ammar K (2019). Oral contraceptive and breast cancer: Do benefits outweigh the risks? A case - Control study from Jordan. BMC Women’s Health. 19(1): 1–7. doi: 10.1186/s12905-019-0770-x.
Bethea TN, Rosenberg L, Hong CC, Troester MA, Lunetta KL, Bandera EV, et al. (2015). A case-control analysis of oral contraceptive use and breast cancer subtypes in the African American Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Consortium. Breast Cancer Res. 17(22): 1-13. doi: 10.11-86/s13058-015-0535-x.
Cherif MH, Serraino D, Bouaoud S, Dib A, Boudaoud K, Atoui S, Merghem I, et al. (2020). Sociodemographic and reproductive risk factor for breast cancer: A case-control study in the Setif Province, Northern Algeria. APJCP. 21 (2): 457-464. doi: 10.315-57/APJCP.2020.21.2.457.
Globocan (2020). Indonesia - Global Cancer Observatory. WHO; Int Agency for Res on Cancer, 2018. Available at: https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factshe ets/populations/360-indonesia-factsheets.pdf.
Kemenkes (2015). Panduan penatalaksa-naan kanker payudara (Breast cancer management guide). Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 1–50. Available at: http://kanker.kemkes.go.id/guidelines/PPKPayudara.pdf.
Sari N, Amran VYA (2019). Hubungan penggunaan kontrasepsi oral dengan kanker payudara wanita premenopause (The relationship between oral contraceptive use and breast cancer in premenopausal women). Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada. doi: 10.35816/jiskh.v10i2.112.
Ssemugabo C, Halage AA, Neebye RM, Nabankema V, Kasule MM, Ssekimpi D, Jors E (2017). Prevalence, circumstances, and management of acute pesticide poisoning in hospitals in Kampala City, Uganda. Environ Health Insights. 4(11): 1-8. doi: 10.1177/1178630217728924.
Wiersinga WJ, Rhodes A, Cheng AC, Pea-cock SJ, Prescott HC (2020). Pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review. J Am Med Assoc. 324(8): 782–793. doi: 10.1001/JAMA.2020.12839.
Downloads
Published
2022-07-16
Issue
Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022)
Section
Articles
1.jpg)
