The Relationship between the TCF7L2 rs7903146 Gene Polymorphism and Anthropometric Parameters and Muscle Mass among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Puskesmas Waruroyom, Cirebon

Authors

  • Muhammad Ajmalunnas Master of Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Djati, Cirebon, Indonesia
  • Yuni Susanti Pratiwi Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia
  • Tiar Masykuroh Pratamawati Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Djati, Cirebon, Indonesia
  • Donny Nauphar Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Djati, Cirebon, Indonesia
  • Edhyana Sahiratmadja Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia
  • Leonardo Lubis Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2026.11.02.05

Abstract

Background: Polymorphism of the TCF7L2 gene (rs7903146) is involved in glucose homeostasis and has been strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, its relationship with anthropometric characteristics, particularly by glycemic control status, remains unclear.

Subjects and Method: This cross-sectional study included 75 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the working area of Puskesmas Waruroyom, Cirebon. The target population comprised all registered T2DM patients, and total sampling was applied through screening. Subjects were classified into controlled (n = 37; 49.3%) and uncontrolled (n = 38; 50.7%) groups based on glycemic status. TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotypes (CC, CT, TT) were identified, and anthro­pometric parameters (height, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and muscle mass) were analyzed using chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests, with additional analyses for continuous variables.

Results: The most frequent genotype was CT (69.3%), followed by TT (25.3%) and CC (5.3%). No significant differences were observed in anthropometric parameters across TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotypes in both controlled and uncontrolled groups, including BMI (p= 0.580 and p= 0.830), waist circumference (p= 1.000 and p= 0.760), and muscle mass (p= 1.000 and p= 0.420), respectively.

Conclusion: The TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism was not associated with anthropometric profiles among patients with T2DM, regardless of glycemic control status. This suggests that the influence of TCF7L2 is more strongly related to metabolic regulation through insulin signaling pathways rather than to determinants of body composition.

Keywords:

anthropometry, diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, TCF7L2 polymorphism

Published

2026-04-16

Downloads

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)

Section

Articles

How to Cite

The Relationship between the TCF7L2 rs7903146 Gene Polymorphism and Anthropometric Parameters and Muscle Mass among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Puskesmas Waruroyom, Cirebon. (2026). Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health, 11(2), 161-171. https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2026.11.02.05

How to Cite

The Relationship between the TCF7L2 rs7903146 Gene Polymorphism and Anthropometric Parameters and Muscle Mass among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Puskesmas Waruroyom, Cirebon. (2026). Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health, 11(2), 161-171. https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2026.11.02.05

References

Cropano C, Santoro N, Groop L, Man CD, Cobelli C, Galderisi A, Kursawe R, et al. (2020). The rs7903146 Variant in the TCF7L2 Gene Increases the Risk of Prediabetes/Type 2 Diabetes in Obese Adolescents by Impairing β-Cell Function and Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity. Diabetes Care. 40(8): 1082–1089. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-0290.

del Bosque-Plata L, Martínez-Martínez E, Espinoza-Camacho MA, Gragnoli C. (2021). The Role of TCF7L2 in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes. 70(6):1220–1228. https://doi.org/10.2337/db200573.

Elhourch S, Arrouchi H, Mekkaoui N, Allou Y, Ghrifi F, Allam L, Elhafidi N, et al. (2021). Significant Association of Polymorphisms in the TCF7L2 Gene with a Higher Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in a Moroccan Population. J Pers Med. 11(6):461. https://doi.org/10.3-390/jpm11060461.

Guan D, Ji Y, Lu X, Feng W, Ma W. (2023). Associations of MTHFR gene poly-morphism with lipid metabolism and risk of cerebral infarction in the Northwest Han Chinese population. Frontiers in Neurology. 14:1152351. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1152351.

Gunavathy N, Balaji R, Kumaravel V (2023). Association of TCF7L2 Variants in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Hypertriglyceridemia – A Case-Control Study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 27(4):346–350. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijem.ijem_35_23.

Iqbal F, Riaz S. (2025). Effect of TCF7L2 rs7903146 Polymorphism on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Pakistan. Int J Biomed Clin Res. 4(2): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.59657/2997-6103.brs.25.-084.

Li L, Wang J, Ping Z, Li Y, Wang C, Shi Y (2020). Interaction analysis of gene variants of TCF7L2 and body mass index and waist circumference on type 2 diabetes. Clin Nutr. 39(1):192-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2-019.01.014.

Lu YC, Yu TH, Hsuan CF, Hsu CC, Hung WC, Wang CP, Tang WH, et al. (2025). Association of TCF7L2 rs7903146 (C/T) Polymorphism with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Chinese Population: Clinical Characteristics and Ethnic Context. Diagnostics (Basel). 15(16):2110. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15162110.

Magliano DJ, Boyko EJ. (2021). IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th edition scientific committee. IDF diabetes atlas [Internet]. 10th edition. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK581934/.

Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2024). Indonesia Health Survey (SKI) 2023 in Figures. [in Indo-nesian language]. Jakarta: Health Development Policy Agency, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/ski-2023-dalam-angka/.

Kreienkamp RJ, Voight BF, Gloyn AL, Udler MS. (2023). Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes. 2023 Dec 20. In: Lawrence JM, Casagrande SS, Herman WH, et al., editors. Diabetes in America [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK597726/

Noordam R, Zwetsloot CPA, de Mutsert R, Mook-Kanamori DO, Lamb HJ, de Roos A, de Koning EJP, et al. (2018). Interrelationship of the rs7903146 TCF7L2 gene variant with measures of glucose metabolism and adiposity: The NEO study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 28(2):150–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2017.10.012.

Perry BD, Caldow MK, Brennan-Speranza TC, Sbaraglia M, Jerums G, Garnham A, Wong C, et al. (2016). Muscle atrophy in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: roles of inflammatory pathways, physical activity and exercise. Exerc Immunol Rev. 22:94–109. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26859514/.

Samant AC, Jha, H, Kamal P. (2025). Systematic Review: Risk Factors for Deve-loping Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Eur J Cardiovasc Med. 15(1): 382–390. https://doi.org/10.5083/ejcm/25-01-62.

Shin J, Zhou X, Tan JTM, Hyppönen E, Benyamin B, Lee SH. (2022). Lifestyle Modifies the Diabetes-Related Meta-bolic Risk, Conditional on Individual Genetic Differences. Front Genet. 13: 759309. https//doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.759309.

Verma M, Loh NY, Sabaratnam R, Vasan SK, van Dam AD, et al. (2022). TCF7L2 plays a complex role in human adipose progenitor biology, which might contribute to genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. Metabolism Metabolism. 133:155240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155240.

World Health Organization (2023). Global report on diabetes. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565257.

Younus S, Rahman M, Khan H (2024). Age-dependent effects of TCF7L2 poly-morphism on insulin secretion and metabolic outcomes. Endocrine. 83(1): 102–111. https://doi.org/10.1186/17417015434.