Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccine on Augmenting Antibody Level in People in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Authors

  • Joko Budiyono Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret
  • Bhisma Murti Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret
  • Didik Gunawan Tamtomo Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.01.04

Abstract

Background: Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is needed to prevent infection so vaccines are indeed humanity's great hope as a weapon to control COVID-19. Seroprevalence data is needed using an antibody test that estimates the percentage of DIY residents who have antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination on enhancing antibody titers.
Subjects and Method: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from 19 to 30 November 2021. The study population was people aged ≥1 year. A total of 563 study subjects was selected randomly. The dependent variable was the SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer level. The independent variables were COVID-19 vaccination status, gender, age, smoking, outdoor activities, and alcohol consumption. SARS-CoV-2 antibody level was measured using Roche's Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2. Other variables were collected using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using a multiple linear regression run on STATA 14.
Results: The initial vaccination led to an elevation in -19 antibody titers, but it was statistically non-significant (b= 697.82; 95% CI= -720.90 to 1241.24; p= 0.603). The second vaccination resulted in a notable and statistically significant elevation of COVID-19 antibody titers (b= 1331.38; 95% CI= 802.30 to 1860.46; p <0.001).
Conclusion: The second dose of the COVID-19 vaccination demonstrated significant effectiveness in boosting COVID-19 antibody titers.

Keywords: COVID-19, vaccination, antibody

References

Barr T, Helms C, Grant K, Messaoudi I (2016). Opposing effects of alcohol on the immune system. Prog. Neuro-psychopharmacol. Biol Psychiatry. 65: 242–251. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.09.001.

Bello S, Ajayi DT, Adepoju A, Omotosho T, Afolabi RF, Gbadebo B, Bamgboye EA, et al., (2023). Adverse Events Related to SARS-Cov-2 Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J epidemiology public health. (03): 284–297.doi:10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.03.01.

Cai H (2020). Sex difference and smoking predisposition in patients with COVID-19. Lancet Respir Med. e20: doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30117-X.

Calina D, Hartung T, Mardare I, Mitroi M, Poulas K, Tsatsakis A, Rogoveanu I, et al., (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and alcohol consumption: Impacts and interconnections. Toxicol Rep. 529–535. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.005.

Chastin SFM, Abaraogu U, Bourgois JG, Dall PM, Darnborough J, Duncan E, Pavon DJ, et al. (2021). Effects of regular physical activity on the immune system, vaccination and risk of community-acquired infectious disease in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 51(8): 1673–1686. doi: 10.1007/s40279-021-01466-1.

CNN Indonesia (2021). Cara mencegah efek samping vaksin COVID-19 pada lansia. Cable News Network Indonesia.

Ditjen P2P Kemenkes RI (2021). Petunjuk teknis pelaksanaan vaksinasi dalam rangka penanggulangan pandemi corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Kementerian Kesehatan RI Direktorat Jenderal Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit.

Ferrara P, Ponticelli D, Aguero F, Caci G, Vitale A, Borrelli M, Schiavone B, et al., (2022). Does smoking have an impact on the immunological response to COVID-19 vaccines? Evidence from the VASCO study and need for further studies. J Public Health (Oxf), 203: 97–99.Doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2021.12.013

Gudelj I, Lauc G, Pezer M (2018). Immuno-globulin G glycosylation in aging and diseases. Cell Immunol. 333: 65–79. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.07.009.

Hamady A, Lee JJ, Loboda ZA (2022). Waning antibody responses in COVID-19: what can we learn from the analysis of other coronaviruses. Infection. 11–25. doi: 10.1007/s15010-021-01664-z.

Kemenkes RI (2021). Seputar Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi COVID-19. Kementerian Ke-sehatan RI Direktorat Jenderal Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit.

Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT (2012). Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: An analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet. 380(9838): 219–229. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9.

Meadows GG, Zhang H (2015). Effects of alcohol on tumor growth, metastasis, immune response, and host survival. Alcohol Res Curr. Rev. 37:311–322.

Nieman DC, Wentz LM (2019). The compelling link between physical activity and the body’s defense system. J Sport Health Sci. 8 (3): 201–217. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.009.

Pellini R, Venuti A, Pimpinelli F, Abril E, Blandino G, Campo F, Conti L, et al., (2021). Obesity may hamper sars-COV-2 vaccine immunogenicity. E Clin Med. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100928.

Rokom (2022). Hasil Sero Survey : 86,6% Penduduk Indonesia Memiliki Antibodi terhadap COVID-19. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.

Sarvasti D (2020). Pengaruh gender dan manifestasi kardiovaskular pada COVID-19. J Invasive Cardiol. doi: 10.30701/ijc.1004.

Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19 (2021). Buku pengendalian COVID-19 dengan 3m, 3t, vaksinasi, disiplin, kompak, dan konsisten buku I. Satuan Petugas Penanganan COVID-19.

Swain SL, McKinstry KK, Strutt TM (2012). Expanding roles for CD4 + T cells in immunity to viruses. Nat Rev Immunol. 136–148. doi: 10.1038/nri3152.

Tatsukawa Y, Arefin MR, Utsumi S, Tanimo J (2022). Investigating the efficiency of dynamic vaccination by consolidating detecting errors and vaccine efficacy. Sci Rep. 12(1): 1–12. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12039-1.

Yogyakarta Tanggap COVID-19 (2022). Situasi perkembangan COVID-19. corona.jogjaprov.go.id (Accessed: 3 November 2022).

Zhang L, Jiang L, Tian T, Li W, Pan Y, Wang Y (2022). Efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccination in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. N Engl J Med. doi: 10.3390/vaccins-11010033.

Downloads

Published
2024-01-16

Issue
Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024)

Section
flow-chart-line Articles

How to Cite
Budiyono, J., Murti, B., & Tamtomo, D. G. (2024). Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccine on Augmenting Antibody Level in People in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health, 9(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.01.04

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 > >>