Meta-Analysis the Impact of Social Restriction during COVID-19 Pandemic on Blood Glucose Control in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2022.07.03.11Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 lockdown has an impact on the daily lives of people with type 1 diabetes, including restrictions on physical activity, changes in diet, difficulty contacting health care providers and concerns about drug supplies. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on blood sugar control in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.
Subjects and Method: This research is a meta-analysis study using PRISMA flowchart guidelines. The PICO model used is Population= type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. Intervention = COVID-19 lockdown. Comparison = before the COVID-19 lockdown. Outcome = HbA1c. The article search process was carried out between 2019 and 2022 using online databases from PubMed, Springer Link and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the article search were “Quarantine” OR “Quarantines” OR “Stay at Home Orders” OR “Health Lockdowns” OR “Self-Quarantine” OR “Self-Quarantine” AND “Diabetes Mellitus” OR “Diabetes Insipidus” OR “Diabetic” OR “Glucose Intolerance” AND “Glycemic Control” OR “Blood Glucose Control”. The inclusion criteria used in this study were full paper articles with cohort studies, using English or Indonesian, the intervention given was COVID-19 lockdown, and the outcome was blood glucose level (HbA1C) in diabetes mellitus patients.The analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.
Results: A total of 11 articles reviewed in the meta-analysis showed that the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown decreased HbA1c levels by 0.23 compared to before the COVID-19 lockdown in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and was statistically significant (SMD= -0.23; 95% CI -0.29 to -0.18; p<0.001).
Conclusion: COVID-19 lockdown reduces HbA1c levels compared to before COVID-19 lockdown in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.
Keywords: COVID-19 lockdown, type 1 diabetes mellitus, HbA1c.
Correspondence:
Yeocelin Mega Pratiwi. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email: yeocelinmega@gmail.com. Mobile: 082137652605.
References
Alharthi SK, Alyusuf EY, Alguwaihes AM, Alfadda A, Al-Sofiani ME (2021). The impact of a prolonged lockdown and use of telemedicine on glycemic control in people with type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 173: 108682. doi: 10.1016/J.Diabres.2021.108682.
Anjana RM, Pradeepa R, Deepa M, Jebarani S, Venkatesan U, Parvathi SJ, Balasubramanyam M, et al. (2020). Acceptability and utilization of newer technologies and effects on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: lessons learned from lockdown. Diabetes Technol. Ther. 22(7): 527–534. doi: 10.1089/Dia.2020.0240.
Aragona M, Rodia C, Bertolotto A, Campi F, Coppelli A, Giannarelli R, Bianchi C, Dardano A (2020). Type 1 diabetes and COVID-19: the “lockdown effect”. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 170:108468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108468.
Barchetta I, Agata F, Bertoccini L, Cecca-relli V (2020). Effects of work status changes and perceived stress on glycaemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 170: 108513. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.diabres.2020.108513.
Capaldo B, Annuzzi G, Creanza A, Giglio C, De Angelis R, Lupoli R, Masulli M, et al. (2020). Blood glucose control during lockdown for COVID-19: Cgm metrics in italian adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 43(8): e88–e89. doi: 10.2337/dc201127.
CASP (2018). Critical appraisal skills programme cohort study checklist. Retrieved from Https://CaspUk.Net/Wpcontent/Uploads/2018/01/Caspcohort-Study Checklist_2018.Pdf.
Dalmazi Gdi, Maltoni G, Bongiorno C, Tucci L, Natale Vdi, Moscatiello S, Laffi G, et al. (2020). Comparison of the effects of lockdown due to COVID-19 on glucose patterns among children, adolescents, and adults with type 1 diabetes: CGM study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 8(2): e001664. doi: 10.1136/Bmjdrc-2020-001664.
Ferna E, Cortazar A, Bellido V (2020). Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res. Clin Pract. doi: 10.1016/J.Diabres.2020.108348.
Frye SS, Perfect MM, Silva GE (2019). Diabetes management mediates the association between sleep duration and glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Sleep Med. 60: 132–138. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.043.
Khare J, Jindal S (2020). Observational study on effect of lockdown due to COVID-19 on glycemic control in patients with diabetes: experience from central India. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 14(6): 1571-1574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.08.012.
Marigliano M, Maffeis C (2021). Glycemic control of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes improved after COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. Acta Diabetol. 58(5): 661–664. doi: 10.1007/s00592-020-01667-6.
Minuto N, Bassi M, Montobbio C, Vinci F, Mercuri C, Perri FN, Calevo MG, et al. (2021). The effect of lockdown and physical activity on glycemic control in italian children and young patients with type 1 diabetes. Front Endocrinol. 12: 1–9. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.690222.
Potier L, Hansel B, Larger E, Gautier JF, Carreira D, Assemien R, Lantieri O, et al. (2021). Stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 pandemic, an opportunity to improve glucose control through behavioral changes in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 44(3): 839–843. doi: 10.2337/dc20-2019.
Predieri B, Leo F, Candia F, Lucaccioni L, Made SF, Pugliese M, Vivaccia V, et al. (2020). Glycemic control improvement in italian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes followed through telemedicine during lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Endocrinol. 11: 1–10. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.595735.
Shah N, Karguppikar M, Bhor S, Ladkat D, Khadilkar V, Khadilkar A (2021). Impact of lockdown for COVID-19 pandemic in Indian children and youth with type 1 diabetes from different socio-economic classes. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 34(2): 217–223. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0460.
Wu X, Luo S, Zheng X, Ding Y, Wang S, Ling P, Yue T, et al. (2021). Glycemic control in children and teenagers with type 1 diabetes around lockdown for COVID-19: a continuous glucose monitoring based observational study. J Diabetes Investig. 12(9): 1708-1717. doi: 10.1111/jdi.13519.
Wiersinga WJ, Rhodes A, Cheng AC, Peacock SJ, dan Prescott HC (2020). Pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, dan treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review. J Am Med Assoc. 324(8): 782–793. doi: 10.1001/JAMA.2020.12839.
Downloads
Published
2022-07-16
Issue
Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022)
Section
Articles
1.jpg)
