https://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/issue/feedJournal of Epidemiology and Public Health2024-02-06T00:00:00+07:00Journal of Epidemiology and Public Healthjurnals2ikm@gmail.comOpen Journal Systems<p>e-ISSN: <a href="https://issn.brin.go.id/terbit/detail/1484201360" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2549-0273</a></p> <p><strong>Publisher</strong>: <br /><a href="https://pasca.uns.ac.id/S2ikm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Masters Program in Public Health</a>,<br />Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia</p> <p><strong>Editor in Chief</strong><strong>:</strong><br /><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bhisma_Murti" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Prof. Bhisma Murti</a>,<br />Universitas Sebelas Maret<strong>, </strong>Indonesia</p> <p><strong>Description:</strong></p> <p>Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (JEPH) is an electronic, open-access, double-blind and peer-reviewed international journal, focusing on epidemiology and public health. The journal began its publication on June 2, 2015, and was published three times yearly. Due to an increasing demand for research work publication, starting Volume 4 Issue 3 the JEPH is published bi-monthly, consisting of 12 articles in each issue. This journal aims to improve epidemiological knowledge and ultimately population health worldwide.</p> <p>JEPH publishes original epidemiological research and meta-analyses, covering theoretical, methodological, and applied epidemiological issues. It emphasizes on studies using a multi-disciplinary or integrative approach that covers all branches of epidemiology such as lifestyle epidemiology, social epidemiology, life-course epidemiology, genetic epidemiology, molecular epidemiology, nutritional epidemiology, and environmental epidemiology.</p> <p>The JEPH also publishes papers in the fields of public health. Public health is defined as the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and improving the health of entire populations. Therefore, the journal welcomes studies into disease and injury prevention, and responses to disease occurrence and dangerous health threats in the populations.</p> <p>JEPH encourages the submission of papers from the developing countries, as research publication from developing countries is underrepresented in international journals.</p> <p>JEPH is currently abstracted and indexed in <a href="https://doaj.org/toc/2549-0273?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22terms%22%3A%7B%22index.issn.exact%22%3A%5B%222549-0273%22%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%22size%22%3A100%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22created_date%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22_source%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22track_total_hits%22%3Atrue%7D" target="_blank" rel="noopener">DOAJ</a><a href="https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/journal/view/13066" target="_blank" rel="noopener">, </a><a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&view_op=list_works&gmla=ABEO0Yo5vnyL_ERKEAKrFxOvEgLqaCCbtEhkv0KOQ_i4Ac0tF2o17GV6Y5ZfPNBHU7fXFEg1GUU18URe30zAJf5Pm6oI&user=Tn6VUPoAAAAJ" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google Scholar</a><a href="https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/journal/view/13066" target="_blank" rel="noopener">, GARUDA</a>, <a href="https://sinta.kemdikbud.go.id/journals/profile/3467" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SINTA</a>, <a href="https://search.crossref.org/?q=10.26911%2Fjepublichealth+&from_ui=yes" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CrossRef</a>, <a href="https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/search/?q=sn%3A2549-0273" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CABI, </a><a href="https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?search_mode=content&order=date&and_facet_source_title=jour.1299103" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a>and a lot more. </p> <p>This journal is accredited by the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Government of Indonesia, No. 21/E/KPT/2018, effective from July 9, 2018 to July 8, 2023.</p>https://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/679Correlations between Physical Activity, Work Duration, and Stress on the Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Online Motorcycle Drivers in Surakarta2024-01-30T14:16:04+07:00Isna Andrianiisnaandriani@student.uns.ac.idSumardiyonoisnaandriani@student.uns.ac.idBhisma Murtiisnaandriani@student.uns.ac.id<p><strong>Background:</strong> Motorcycle taxi drivers drive motorcycles with a static posture and there are significant deviations in angles of certain body joints that trigger susceptibility to movement system injuries, namely musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The study aimed to analyze the correlation between the determinants of MSDs, namely physical activity, work duration, and stress on the risk of MSDs incidents in online motorcycle taxi drivers in Surakarta.<br /><strong>Subjects and Method:</strong> This observational analytical study with a cross-sectional study approach. A sample of 250 online motorcycle taxi drivers in Surakarta was selected using a cluster random sampling technique. The dependent variable of the study was MSDs. The independent variables of the study were physical activity, duration of work, and stress. The data collection technique was conducted through interviews by using questionnaire sheets with instruments i.e. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Work Stress Scale (WSS), and Nordic Body Map (NBP). Data analysis was carried out using a multivariate STATA application with multiple binary logistic regression.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The risk of MSDs in online motorcycle taxi drivers in Surakarta increased with the age of older than or equal to 34 years (OR= 2.66; CI 95%= 1.54 to 4.59; p= <0.001), BMI of more than 25 (OR= 1.33; CI 95%= 0.77 to 2.27; p= 0.303), work duration of more than 4 hours per day (OR= 2.43; CI 95%= 1.24 to 4.78; p= 0.010), high stress level (OR= 1.58; CI 95%= 0.89 to 2.83; p = 0.126), and status as an active smoker (OR= 1.27; CI 95%= 0.74 to 2.19; p= 0.378). The risk of MSDs in online motorcycle taxi drivers in Surakarta decreased with active physical activity (OR= 0.36; CI 95%= 0.15 to 0.86; p = 0.021). Age, BMI, physical activity, work duration, stress, and smoking status influenced the risk of MSDs by 8.2%, and the rest were influenced by other determinants.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> There is a statistically significant correlation between age, physical activity, and duration of work on the risk of MSDs, however, there was no significant correlation between BMI, stress, and smoking status on the risk of MSDs.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Physical activity, stress, musculoskeletal disorders, motorcycle taxi drivers</p>2024-01-16T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Healthhttps://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/673Effect of Tertiary Preventive Behavior on HbA1c Level, Quality of Life, and Complication Risk in Diabetes Mellitus Patients2024-01-17T15:37:01+07:00Wardhatul Livialivia.w21@student.uns.ac.idBhisma Murtilivia.w21@student.uns.ac.idDidik Gunawan Tamtomolivia.w21@student.uns.ac.idHanung Prasetyalivia.w21@student.uns.ac.id<p><strong>Background:</strong> Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease which is a source of additional severity for other diseases. This study aims to determine the effect of tertiary preventive behavior on hba1c level, quality of life (QoL), and complication risk in diabetes mellitus patients.<br /><strong>Subjects and Method:</strong> This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Sukoharjo, Central Java, Indonesia, from October to November 2023. A total sample of 200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), registered in the Prolanis program, was selected through multistage random sampling. The independent variables were HbA1c levels, risk of complications, and QoL. The inde-pendent variable was tertiary preventive behavior. HbA1c levels were measured using spectrophotometer. QoL was measured using the WHOQOL questionnaire, and risk of complications using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the SEM model.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Tertiary prevention behavior significantly increased HbA1c level (b= 0.31; CI 95%= -0.45 to 0.15; p<0.001) and quality of life (b= 0.15; 95% CI= -0.15 to 0.38; p<0.001). Tertiary prevention behavior significantly reduced the risk of complications (b= -0.22; CI 95%= -0.42 to 0.02; p= 0.026). The goodness-of-fit values suggest that the structural equation model (SEM) is acceptable (p= 0.188; RMSEA=0.04; CFI=0.97, TLI=0.95; SRMR=0.05; CD= 0.07).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Tertiary prevention behavior significantly increased HbA1c level and quality of life. Tertiary prevention behavior reduces the risk of complications in type 2 DM patients.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Diabetes mellitus, HbA1c, complications, quality of life</p>2024-01-16T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Healthhttps://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/670Effects of Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, and Gender on Post Stroke Cognitive Impairment: Meta-Analysis 2024-01-03T11:43:27+07:00Sukandriani Utamisukandriani@gmail.comEmirza Nur Wicaksonosukandriani@gmail.comAmalia Choirunnisasukandriani@gmail.comNindita Arum Veibianisukandriani@gmail.comBhisma Murtisukandriani@gmail.com<p><strong>Background:</strong> Post-stroke cognitive impairment is a serious problem that is often faced by indivi-duals who have experienced a stroke. This study aims to determine and estimate the effects of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and gender on post-stroke cognitive impairment through meta-analysis of primary research conducted by previous researchers.<br /><strong>Subjects and Method:</strong> This was a meta-analysis study using the PICO model which includes; P: post-stroke patients. I: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and women. C: normotensive, without diabetes mellitus, and men. O: post-stroke cognitive impairment. A systematic search for primary studies was carried out in the PubMed database which was published from 2014 to 2023. The keywords used to search for primary studies were "Hypertension" AND "Diabetes Mellitus" AND "Post Stroke Cognitive Impairment". The inclusion criteria for the articles searched were primary studies with cross-sectional and cohort studies from 2014-2023 and reporting aOR values. Primary studies were selected using the PRISMA diagram and relevant primary studies were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> There were 18 primary studies with cross-sectional and cohort study designs. The total sample obtained through a systematic review and meta-analysis was 9,103 post-stroke patients from France, China, Singapore, the Netherlands, Egypt, Ethiopia, and Uganda. The results of the analysis showed that hypertension increased the risk 1.56 times (aOR= 1.56; 95% CI= 1.11 to 2.19; p= 0.010) and diabetes mellitus increased the risk 1.58 times (aOR= 1.58; 95% CI= 1.23 to 2.05; p< 0.001) post-stroke cognitive impairment compared to people without hypertension and diabetes. Meanwhile, the female gender increases the risk of post-stroke cognitive impairment by 1.28 times (aOR= 1.28; 95% CI=1.16 to 1.42; p<0.001). The data is statistically significant.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and female gender increase the risk of post-stroke cognitive impairment.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, women, post-stroke cognitive disorders</p>2024-01-16T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Healthhttps://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/669Determinants of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Bamboo Woven Craftsmen in Lamongan, East Java 2024-01-03T11:39:30+07:00Putri Fortuna Salsabilaputrifortuna3012@gmail.comSumardiyonoputrifortuna3012@gmail.comBhisma Murtiputrifortuna3012@gmail.com<p><strong>Backround: </strong>Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are significant debilitating conditions and refer to a variety of degenerative or inflammatory conditions affecting the joints, muscles, ligaments, cartilage, and blood vessels. This research aims to determine the influence of Musculoskeletal Disorders on bamboo woven craftsmen in Lamongan.</p> <p><strong>Subject and Method: </strong>This cross-sectional research was conducted in Payaman village, Solokuro District, Lamingan Regency, East Java in October-November. A total of 200 bamboo woven craftsmen were randomly selected using a random number generator. The dependent variable in this study is Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). The independent variables in this study were work stress, age, length of service, duration of work, and exercise habits. The research instruments used the Nordic Body Map questionnaire, work stress questionnaire, and interviews related to age, length of service, duration of work, and exercise habits. The data analysis method uses multiple linear regression analysis.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Wicker craftsmen who had high job stress had an average Musculoskeletal Disorders score 0.19 units higher than those with low job stress (b = 0.19, 95% CI = -3.79 to 4.17, p=0.925). Wicker craftsmen aged 40 years and over on average had a Musculoskeletal Disorders score 9.44 units higher than those aged less than 40 years (b = 9.44, 95% CI = 4.70 to 14.18, p<0.001). Wicker craftsmen who have worked for 5 years or more on average have a Musculoskeletal Disorders score 3.34 units higher than those who have worked for less than 5 years (b = 3.34, 95% CI = -2.77 to 9.44, p=0.282). Wicker craftsmen who have a work duration of 5 hours/day and above on average have a Musculoskeletal Disorders score 7.12 units higher than those with a work duration of less than 5 hours/day (b = 7.12, 95% CI = 3.09 to 11.15, p=0.001).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age ≥40 years, work duration ≥5 hours, high work stress and work period ≥5 years increase the risk of MSDs in bamboo woven craftsmen. The habit of exercising ≥30 minutes/day reduces the risk of MSDs in bamboo weaving craftsmen.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Keyword: </strong>Musculoskeletal Disorder, Work Duration, Years of Work, Age, exercise habits, woven craftsmen</p>2024-01-16T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Healthhttps://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/668Meta-Analysis: Factors Related with Obesity in Adolescents2024-01-03T11:37:50+07:00Karismatika Surya Gumilartikasuryagumelar@gmail.comBetrizatikasuryagumelar@gmail.comNurcahyo Aji Legowotikasuryagumelar@gmail.comBhisma Murtitikasuryagumelar@gmail.comAyu Novita Wulandaritikasuryagumelar@gmail.com<p><strong>Background:</strong> Obesity is excess body weight above the normal BMI limit. This can be experienced by anyone, starting from children, productive teenagers who do not maintain a healthy lifestyle, which can cause premature death. There are various factors that cause obesity from several research findings. This study aims to analyze and estimate factors that influence the risk of obesity in adole-scents.<br /><strong>Subjects and Method:</strong> This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis with PRISMA and PICO diagrams. Population= teenagers. Intervention= strong physical activity, high income, female gender, strong consumption of fruit, and high maternal education. Comparison= weak physical activity, low income, male gender, weak consumption of fruit, and low maternal education. Result= obesity. The search for this article came from databases namely PudMed and Science Direct. The article keywords used are "physical activity" AND "Income" AND "fruit consumption" AND "mater-nal education" AND "obesity" AND "young factor". The articles included in this research are full paper articles, cross-sectional study design, publication year range 2013-2023, and the magnitude of the Adjusted Odds Ratio relationship. Articles were filtered using the PRISMA flow diagram and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> There are 10 articles with cross-sectional studies that show the risk of obesity is signifi-cantly influenced by high income by 2.04 times (aOR= 2.04; 95% CI=0.97 to 4.30; p= 0.060), female gender by 2.28 times (aOR= 2.28; 95% CI= 1.64 to 3.17; p<0.001), strong fruit consumption was 2.11 times (aOR= 2.11; 95% CI= 1.30 to 3.44; p= 0.003), and high maternal education was 1.64 times (aOR=1.64; 95% CI= 1.10 to 2.45; p= 0.020) and the influence of weak physical activity which is 0.59 times the risk of obesity with statistically significant results (aOR= 0.59; 95% CI= 0.41 to 0.83; p=0.003).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Risk factors that influence obesity in adolescents include high income, female gender, fruit consumption, high maternal education, and weak activity.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Obesity, risk factors, health problems, teenagers.</p>2024-01-16T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Healthhttps://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/667Meta-Analysis: Effects of Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Low Physical Activity on Osteoporosis in Adults 2024-01-03T11:32:54+07:00Muhammad Fahrezi Al GhifariFahrezialghifari@student.uns.ac.idYulia HimawatiFahrezialghifari@student.uns.ac.idAem IsmailFahrezialghifari@student.uns.ac.idBhisma MurtiFahrezialghifari@student.uns.ac.id<p><strong>Background:</strong> Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low mineral bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. This study aims to analyze the effect of smoking, alcohol consumption, and low physical activity on osteoporosis in adults.<br /><strong>Subjects and Method:</strong> This was a meta-analysis study using the PICO format. Population: Adults, Intervention: Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, Low Physical Activity, Comparison: No Smoking, No Alcohol Consumption, High Physical Activity, Outcome: Osteoporosis. Articles were searched using online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct. The search for articles using the keywords "Smoking" OR "Tobacco" AND "Alcohol consumption" OR "Drinking" AND "Physical activity" OR "Exercise" AND "Osteoporosis" OR "Bone mineral density" AND "Cross-sectional". The inclusion criteria for articles used were articles published in 2013-2023. Articles were filtered using PRISMA flow diagrams and analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The meta-analysis used 15 articles with cross-sectional studies from Ireland, Nepal, Taiwan, South Korea, China, Iran, America, Brazil, India, Congo, and Thailand with a total sample of 111,478 samples. The risk of osteoporosis increased with smoking (aOR= 1.49; CI 95%= 1.04 to 2.16; p= 0.030), alcohol consumption (aOR= 1.04; CI 95%= 0.84 to 1.30; p = 0.690), and low physical activity (aOR= 1.17; CI 95%= 0.92 to 1.48; p= 0.210).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Smoking, alcohol consumption, and low physical activity increase the risk of osteoporosis in adults.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, osteoporosis.</p>2024-02-22T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Healthhttps://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/655Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccine on Augmenting Antibody Level in People in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia2023-11-02T10:27:50+07:00Joko Budiyonojokobudiyono.69@gmail.comBhisma Murtijokobudiyono.69@gmail.comDidik Gunawan Tamtomojokobudiyono.69@gmail.com<p><strong>Background:</strong> Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is needed to prevent infection so vaccines are indeed humanity's great hope as a weapon to control COVID-19. Seroprevalence data is needed using an antibody test that estimates the percentage of DIY residents who have antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination on enhancing antibody titers.<br /><strong>Subjects and Method:</strong> This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from 19 to 30 November 2021. The study population was people aged ≥1 year. A total of 563 study subjects was selected randomly. The dependent variable was the SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer level. The independent variables were COVID-19 vaccination status, gender, age, smoking, outdoor activities, and alcohol consumption. SARS-CoV-2 antibody level was measured using Roche's Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2. Other variables were collected using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using a multiple linear regression run on STATA 14.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The initial vaccination led to an elevation in -19 antibody titers, but it was statistically non-significant (b= 697.82; 95% CI= -720.90 to 1241.24; p= 0.603). The second vaccination resulted in a notable and statistically significant elevation of COVID-19 antibody titers (b= 1331.38; 95% CI= 802.30 to 1860.46; p <0.001).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The second dose of the COVID-19 vaccination demonstrated significant effectiveness in boosting COVID-19 antibody titers.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> COVID-19, vaccination, antibody</p>2024-01-16T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Healthhttps://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/654Effect Size Estimation of Child Stunting Determinants in Surakarta, Central Java2023-11-02T10:25:29+07:00Jemmi Sastrawijayahjemmi040811@gmail.comBhisma Murtijemmi040811@gmail.comBurhannudin Ichsanjemmi040811@gmail.com<p><strong>Background:</strong> Child growth is one of the public health indicators in monitoring the nutritional and health status of a population. One of the nutritional problems that is of major concern is the prevalence of stunting in toddlers. Stunting is still a problem in the world. This study aims to analyze the reestimation of the magnitude of the determinant effect of stunting on children under five in the city of Surakarta, Central Java.<br /><strong>Subjects and Method:</strong> This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Pajang and Sibela community health centers (Puskesmas) in Surakarta, Central Java. Total sample of 200 children under five was selected using fixed disease sampling, consisted of 50 stunted children and 150 normal children. The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variables were exclusive breastfeeding, maternal height, maternal history of illness, maternal age at pregnancy, maternal height, and family income. The data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed using a multiple logistic regression.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Maternal age ≥20 years (aOR= 0.19; 95% CI= 0.06 to 0.58; p=0.004), maternal height ≥160 cm (aOR= 0.30; 95% CI= 0.12 to 0.74; p= 0.009), and family income high (aOR= 0.29; 95% CI= 0.12 to 0.72; p=0.008) reduces the risk of stunting. Children under five who were not exclusively breastfed (aOR= 27.06; 95% CI= 8.13 to 90.05; p <0.001) and frequent illness in mothers (aOR= 12.69; 95% CI= 4.59 to 35.10; p<0.001) increases the risk of stunting.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Maternal age ≥20 years, maternal height ≥160 cm, and family income high reduce the risk of stunting. Children under five who were not exclusively breastfed and frequent illness in mothers increase the risk of stunting.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> stunting, maternal age, maternal height, income, breastfed, illness, children</p>2024-01-16T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Healthhttps://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/651The The Impact of Exercise on Quality of Life, Physical Health, and Mental Health in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Meta-Analysis 2023-10-16T16:39:23+07:00Bertha Sylvester Maingulivia.w21@student.uns.ac.idWardhatul Livialivia.w21@student.uns.ac.idIsna Andrianilivia.w21@student.uns.ac.idBhisma Murtilivia.w21@student.uns.ac.idElsa Tursinalivia.w21@student.uns.ac.id<p><strong>Background:</strong> Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder that is common on a global scale. Effective management in addition to medication involves implementing lifestyle modifications, including regular exercise. This study aimed to analyze and estimate the impact of exercise on improving quality of life, physical health, and mental health in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.<br /><strong>Subjects and Method:</strong> This was a meta-analysis study using the PICO model which includes; P= type 2 diabetes mellitus patients; I= exercise; C= no exercise; and O= quality of life, physical health, and mental health. The articles obtained were from 2 databases, namely PubMed and ScienceDirect. Keywords used include “exercise” OR “physical activity” AND “quality of life” OR “physical health” OR “mental health” AND “type 2 diabetes mellitus” AND “randomized control trial”. The inclusion criteria of articles were a randomized control trial study design, publication year from 2018 to 2023, full-text, English language, and reported mean and standard deviation values. Data was analyzed using the PRISMA diagram and the Review Manager 5.3 application.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> This meta-analysis consisted of 13 articles originating from Canada, Denmark, Egypt, Ghana, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Taiwan, Turkey, and USA. The total sample size was 755 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Exercises improved the quality of life (SMD= 0.66; CI 95%= 0.20 to 1.11; p= 0.005); physical health (SMD= 0.91; CI 95%= 0.53 to 1.29; p= 0.001) and mental health (SMD= 0.82; CI 95%= 0.25 to 1.39; p= 0.005) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Exercise carried out regularly and measurably improves the quality of life, physical health, and mental health in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Exercise, quality of life, physical health, mental health, type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p>2024-01-16T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Healthhttps://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/648A Qualitative Study Exploring the Experiences of Tuberculosis Patients Who Have Successfully Recovered2023-10-02T16:03:06+07:00Cri Sajjana Prajna Wekadigunawanweka.gunawan@esaunggul.ac.idDhini Yumaniarweka.gunawan@esaunggul.ac.idFarah Shabrinaweka.gunawan@esaunggul.ac.id<p><strong>Background:</strong> Tuberculosis cases in Indonesia occupy the second highest position after India. TB eradication is an important program in the SDGs 2030. Recovering from Tuberculosis is a blessing. This study aimed to explore the experiences of tuberculosis sufferers who have recovered.</p> <p><strong>Subjects and Method:</strong> This qualitative study was conducted in the Yosodadi Community from January to February 2023. A total of 12 patients with tuberculosis who had successfully recovered were selected for this study. The variable of this study was the experiences of tuberculosis patients who have successfully recovered. A depth interview was used to obtain the data. The data were analyzed descriptively.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The study showed the importance of patients knowing their disease, the support of those around them, and health workers who have good empathy towards TB patients. This research also found the importance of health providers and patient families being asked to pay attention to the mental health problems suffered by TB patients.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Vaccine reluctance is a huge problem in the face of a pandemic that is not yet over. Even with to achieve recovery for TB patients, efforts are needed to understand the mental condition of TB patients. Policymakers must consider ongoing health education regarding TB patient assistance by family and health workers.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Empathy, family support, health provider, mental health, patient, tuberculosis.</p> <p><strong>Correspondence:</strong><br />Cri Sajjana Prajna Wekadigunawan. Faculty of Health Sciences Esa Unggul University. Jl Terusan Arjuna, Jakarta Barat. Email: weka.gunawan@esaunggul.ac.id. Mobile: +6281299264727.</p>2023-10-16T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Healthhttps://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/647Effect of Exercise on Quality of Sleep in COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis2023-10-02T16:01:24+07:00Septyandi Ramadhanseptyandiramadhan@gmail.comBhisma Murtiseptyandiramadhan@gmail.comHanung Prasetyaseptyandiramadhan@gmail.com<p><strong>Background:</strong> Coronavirus occurs because the virus lowers the body immune, which can lead to several things such as decreased sleep quality. Gymnastics is one exercise that can improve sleep quality, gymnastics can also reduce stress levels and anxiety. This study aims to discover the effect of gymnastics on sleep quality in COVID-19 patients.</p> <p><strong>Subjects and Method:</strong> It was a systematic review and meta-analysis of primary studies. Article searches were conducted based on PICO model eligibility criteria. Population: COVID-19 patients. Intervention: administration of gymnastic intervention. Comparison: no gymnastics intervention. Outcome: improved sleep quality. Article search was conducted through journal databases including Google Scholar, MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Direct, Hindawi, BMC, Europe PMC, and Springer Link using search keywords: "gymnastic", "sleep quality", "gymnastic effect", "exercise", "exercise effect", "COVID-19", "randomized controlled trial", "gymnastic randomized controlled trial", "sleep quality -randomized controlled trial", AND "sleep quality on covid 19". The inclusion criteria used in this study were full paper articles with a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), with Odds Ratio (OR) for the effect size. The screened eligible articles were analyzed using RevMan 5.3.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> This meta-analysis included 9 articles from China, India, South Korea, South America, North America, and Brazil. Good sleep quality increased with gymnastics in COVID-19 patients (aOR= 1.19; 95% CI= 1.14 to 1.24; p<0.001). There was an overestimate publication bias.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The administration of gymnastics interventions to COVID-19 patients has a statisti-cally significant effect on improving sleep quality.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> COVID-19, gymnastics, meta-analysis, sleep quality.</p> <p><strong>Correspondence:</strong><br />Septyandi Ramadhan. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: septyandiramadhan@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281936553398.</p>2023-10-16T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Healthhttps://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/646Associations between Parenting Style and Nutritional Knowledge on Stunting in Children Aged 24-60 Months in Ketang Health Center, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia2023-09-29T10:09:16+07:00Heribertus Handi Erickherihandi84@gmail.com<p><strong>Background:</strong> Stunting is a condition of children under five with a z-score of less than -2 standard deviation (stunted) and less than -3 standard deviation (severely stunted). Interventions to accelerate stunting prevention require intervention and coaching, such as knowledge and parenting of toddlers in the community. This study aimed to determine the relationships between knowledge, and stunting in children aged 24-60 months.<br /><strong>Subjects and Method:</strong> This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Ketang Health Center, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. A total of 60 children aged 24-60 months and their mothers was selected using purposive sampling. The independent variables were parenting and nutritional knowledge. The dependent variable was stunting. The instruments of this study were height measurement tools, knowledge, and parenting questionnaires. The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Children who have mothers with poor parenting are 0.15 times more stunted than mothers with good parenting. Nutrition knowledge is 0.04 times less likely to be stunted than mothers with good nutrition knowledge.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Mothers with poor parenting and nutritional knowledge increase the risk of stunting.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Nutritional knowledge, parenting, stunting.</p> <p><strong>Correspondence:</strong><br />Heribertus Handi. Nursing Study Program, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Santu Paulus Ruteng. Jl. Jenderal A. Yani No. 10, Langke Rembong, East Nusa Tenggara. Email: herihandi84@gmail.com. Mobile: 085236119205.</p>2022-10-16T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Healthhttps://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/639Effects of Chest Physiotherapy and Effective Cough Exercise on Sputum Clearance and Respiratory Frequency in Tuberculosis Patients 2023-09-14T18:47:48+07:00Yoga Handita Windiastoninurulfithriati_haritsa@yahoo.comNur Basukinurulfithriati_haritsa@yahoo.comNurul Fithriati Haritsahnurulfithriati_haritsa@yahoo.com<p><strong>Background:</strong> Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chest physiotherapy and cough exercises are one of the commonly used methods as part of TB treatment. This study aimed to determine the effects of chest physiotherapy and cough exercises on sputum clearance and respiratory frequency in TB patients.</p> <p><strong>Subjects and Method:</strong> This was a quasy experiment study with no control group. The study was conducted at Dungus Respiratory Hospital, Madiun, East Java. A sample of 26 TB patients was selected purposively. The independent variables in the study were effective cough and chest physiotherapy. The dependent variable in this study was sputum discharge. Chest and cough physiotherapy interventions are effective in patients 3 times. This study used a measuring instrument in the form of a sputum glass. The data collected were analyzed quantitatively using the Mann-Whitney test to determine the effect of chest physiotherapy and effective cough exercises on pulmonary tuberculosis conditions.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> After combination interventions of chest physiotherapy and effective cough exercises, sputum released (Mean= 29.35; SD= 0.85) was higher than before (Mean= 23.65; SD= 0.68). Respiratory frequency after intervention (Mean= 25.88; SD= 0.73) was higher than before (Mean= 27.12; SD= 0.98).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Sputum secretion and respiratory frequency are higher than before chest physiotherapy and cough exercises in TB patients.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> chest physiotherapy, cough exercise, physiotherapy, tuberculosis.</p> <p><strong>Correspondence:</strong><br />Nurul Fithriati Haristah. Study Program of Physiotherapy, Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health Surakarta. Email: nurulfithriati_haritsa@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6285157577816.</p> <p> </p>2023-10-16T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Healthhttps://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/638Incidence of Tuberculosis in Primary Health Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study and Perspective from Eastern Indonesia2023-09-11T09:08:13+07:00Firshan Makbulfirshanandi@gmail.comDarmawati Amirfirshanandi@gmail.com<p><strong>Background:</strong> Efforts to fight tuberculosis (TB) infection requires a deep understanding of disease control trends to consistently sustain and enhance the identification and treatment of at-risk populations. Indonesia is the third highest globally in TB cases, followed by India and China, accounting for about 10% of all cases. Over the past ten years, Indonesia has witnessed significant TB case reporting and treatment coverage growth. This study aimed to analyze TB case occurrences in a primary health-care setting during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br /><strong>Subjects and Method:</strong> A cross-sectional study, which included data from the Puskesmas Lau reports from July 2021 to July 2022. A total of 71 patients were conducted using the total sampling method. The collected data were processed descriptively to summarize participants' demographic characteristics and clinical profiles and various important indicators from WHO were analyzed to determine its effectiveness.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The center's tuberculosis screening efforts have not reached their optimal level, falling below the national standard of ≥70% for the Case Detection Rate (CDR). However, the treatment success rate (SR) exceeds 90%.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The evaluation of the TB control program at Puskesmas Lau reveals achievements in some areas but also highlights challenges posed by the pandemic and the need for strengthened strategies to improve case detection and management. Perceived vulnerability, seriousness, benefit, and barrier, as well as the availability of DOTS treatment, affect treatment adherence. Partnership between patients and health care personnel is recommended to increase the success of TB treatment.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Tuberculosis, primary health care, COVID-19, longitudinal study, health services</p>2024-01-16T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Healthhttps://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/637Mortality Risk Factors of COVID-19 Inpatients at Panembahan Senopati Hospital, Bantul, Yogyakarta2023-09-10T12:06:13+07:00Christiana Sri Wahyuningsihanachristi19@gmail.comEsthi Budhi Asihanachristi19@gmail.comLedy Vinantikaanachristi19@gmail.comRia Sulistianianachristi19@gmail.com<p><strong>Background:</strong> COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate (CFR) in Bantul district is 2.64%. This figure is higher than the world CFR reported by WHO of 2.07%. Panembahan Senopati Regional General Hospital is a hospital owned by the Regional Government of Bantul Regency and is one of the COVID-19 referral hospitals. This study aims to determine the characteristics and risk factors for the death of inpatient COVID-19 patients at Panembahan Senopati Hospital.</p> <p><strong>Subjects and Method:</strong> This type of study is observational analytic with a retrospective cross-sectional design. This research was carried out from July to September 2021 at Panembahan Senopati Hospital. A total of 289 research subjects were selected in total sampling. The dependent variable is the mortality of COVID-19 patients. The independent variables were age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic renal failure, heart disease, immunological disorders, and chronic liver failure. The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Risk factors for death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients were age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic renal failure. Age ≥60 years was 2.13 times more likely to cause death (OR = 2.13; CI 95% = 1.24 to 3.66; p=0.006). Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes Mellitus were 2.31 times more likely to cause death (OR= 2.31; CI 95% =1.30 to 4.12; p=0.004). Hospitalized Covid-19 patients with comorbid hypertension 2.18 times chance of causing death (OR= 2.18; CI95% =1.12 to 4.25; p= 0.021). Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with comorbid chronic renal failure were likely to cause 3.25 times the death rate (OR= 3.25; CI 95%= 1.11 to 9.51; p=0.031).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Risk factors for death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients are age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic renal failure.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Hospitalization, death, COVID-19 patients</p> <p><strong>Correspondence:</strong><br />Christiana Sri Wahyuningsih. Nursing and Quality Assurance, Panembahan Senopati Hospital. Jl. Dr. Wahidin Sudiro Husodo, Trirenggo, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Email: anachristi19@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281287783924.</p>2023-10-16T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Healthhttps://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/635The Effect of Neoalgae Spirulina Supplements Intakes on Increasing Body Height and Weight of Stunting Children in Mranggen, Sukoharjo, Central Java2023-09-06T16:28:28+07:00Nur Anianinurk3@gmail.comNine Elissa Maharanianinurk3@gmail.comFarid Setyo Nugrahoaninurk3@gmail.comBudhi Rahardjoaninurk3@gmail.comAmrih Gancar Utamianinurk3@gmail.com<div><strong>Background:</strong> Children who are stunted have a higher risk of experiencing health and brain development disorders, and have a lower likelihood of achievement and a bright future. Spirulina is one of the food sources enriched with nutrients that affect the nutritional status of children. The study aims to discover the effect of the administration of Spirulina Neoalgae supplements on increasing the height and weight of stunting toddlers in Mranggen village.</div> <div><strong>Subjects dan Method:</strong> The study used a quasi-experimental design conducted in Mranggen Village, Sukoharjo, Central Java. A total of 100 toddlers selected using total sampling were included in this study. The independent variable in this study was the intervention of Spirulina Neoalgae supplements and the dependent variables in this study were body weight and height. Toddlers were given supplement interventions for 4 weeks. The collected data were subsequently analyzed using the Paired-Test.</div> <div><strong>Results:</strong> Before the intervention the average height was (Mean= 82.92; SD = 8.77) and body weight was (Mean= 9.97; SD= 2.09). After the supplement intervention for 2 weeks, the average height was (Mean= 83.56; SD = 8.61) and body weight was (Mean= 10.11; SD= 2.07). Average height (Mean= 84.56; SD= 8.57) and body weight (Mean= 11.04; SD = 2.10) in week four increased and the result was statistically significant (p >0.001).</div> <div><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The administration of neoalgae supplements affects increasing height and weight in stunted children in Mranggen Village, Sukoharjo, Central Java.</div> <div> </div> <div><strong>Keywords:</strong> Supplements, Neoalgae, Nutritional Status, Height, Weight, Stunting</div>2023-07-16T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Healthhttps://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/632Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Exposure to Indoor Cigarette Smoke in Pregnant Women on the Risk of Infants Low Birth Weight2023-08-24T13:28:57+07:00Dinda Nur Asri Mutiara Ramadhanimutiaradinda42@gmail.comUki Retno Budhiastutimutiaradinda42@gmail.comBhisma Murtimutiaradinda42@gmail.com<p><strong>Background:</strong> Problems related to low birth weight are often found in developing countries. Expo-sure to cigarette smoke is one of the factors causing low birth weight, in this case caused by the chemicals in cigarettes which affect the health of pregnant women and babies. This study aims to determine the effect of exposure to secondhand smoke in the home on pregnant women on the risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight.</p> <p><strong>Subjects and Method:</strong> This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis using the PRISMA flow chart and the PICO model. Population: pregnant women. Intervention: exposure to household ciga-rette smoke is high. Comparison: household exposure to secondhand smoke is low. Outcome: low birth weight. The databases used are PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct with keywords (“Pregnancy Women” OR “Passive Smoking” OR “Low Birth Weight”) AND “Case Control Study”. A total of 9 articles met the inclusion criteria, namely primary full text paper, case-control design, adjus-ted Odds Ratio (aOR), research subjects of pregnant women, interventions in the form of high cigarette smoke exposure, and outcomes in the form of low birth weight for analysis carried out with RevMan 5.3.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> A meta-analysis has been carried out on 9 articles with a case-control study design from the Asian Continent and the African Continent in pregnant women with a sample size of 4,244. The results of the meta-analysis showed that pregnant women who were exposed to secondhand smoke from the environment had a risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight 1.82 times compared to those not exposed to secondhand smoke and the effect of exposure was statistically significant (aOR= 1.82; 95% CI= 1.54 to 2.16; p <0.001).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The effects of exposure to cigarette smoke in pregnant women can increase the risk of low birth weight babies.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> passive smokers, low birth weight, pregnant women, babies,</p> <p><strong>Correspondence:</strong><br />Dinda Nur Asri Mutiara Ramadhani. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: mutiaradinda42@gmail.com Mobile: +6282323346406</p>2023-10-16T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Healthhttps://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/631Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Prolonged Use of High Heels on Low Back Pain in Female Sales Employees2023-08-24T12:50:54+07:00Fadhila Firmanurulitamissdhila18@gmail.comAgus Kristiyantomissdhila18@gmail.comHanung Prasetyamissdhila18@gmail.com<p><strong>Background:</strong> Low Back Pain is the pain that is felt from the lower back area to the lower buttocks crease area (Gluteal inferior fold). One of the causes of Low Back Pain is a prolonged and excessive use of high heels. This study aims to analyze and estimate the effect of the use of high heels on Low Back Pain in sales promotion girls.</p> <p><strong>Subjects and Method:</strong> Meta-analyses were carried out according to the PICO model. Population: female sales promotion employee. Intervention: Wearing High Heels. Comparison: Not using High Heels. Outcome: Low Back Pain. The article search in this study was conducted through databases that included PubMed, Google Schoolar, ScienceDirect. The keywords included: "Low Back Pain" AND "Low Back Pain" AND "High Heels" AND "Low Back Pain" "Employee sales" AND "High Heels" "Sales Low Back Pain" (aOR) "Employee sales" And "Employe sales" "Low Back Pain" AND "High Heels" AND "Employe sales", "High Heels AND High Heels" "Low Back pain Employee Sales" AND "High Heels". Full-paper articles with cross-sectional study design. The subjects of the study were users of high heels toward low back pain, the measure of association used was the adjusted odd ratio. The article selection used was PRISMA flow diagram. The analysis was performed using Revman 5.3</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> A meta-analyss included 10 cross-sectional studies from Africa and Asia. Prolonged use of high heels increased the risk of low back pain in female sales promotion employee (aOR= 1.41; 95% CI= 1.16 to 1.171 p=0.001).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Female sales promotion employee who wear high heels have a higher risk of experiencing low back pain.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> sales promotion girl, high heels, low back pain.</p> <p><strong>Correspondence:</strong><br />Fadhila Firmanurulita. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: missdhila18@gmail.com. Mobile. +6285740045026.</p> <p> </p>2023-10-16T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Healthhttps://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/630Meta-Analysis: Effects of Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and Malnutrition on the Risk of Pneumonia in Children2023-08-24T12:46:14+07:00Atika Dwi Minawatidwiminawatiatika@gmail.comBhisma Murtidwiminawatiatika@gmail.comHanung Prasetyadwiminawatiatika@gmail.com<p><strong>Background:</strong> Exposure to tobacco smoke (ETS) and poor nutritional status affect the risk of pneumonia in children. The purpose of this study was to analyze and estimate the effect of exposure to tobacco smoke and nutritional status in children on the risk of pneumonia.</p> <p><strong>Subjects and Method:</strong> The meta-analysis was carried out using the PRISMA flowchart and the PICO model. Population: children under five. Intervention: exposure to tobacco smoke and poor nutritional status. Comparison: no exposure to tobacco smoke and no malnutrition status. Outcome: Pneumonia. The online databases used are Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scient Direct with the keywords “Pneumonia” AND “Exposure to tobacco smoke” AND “Poor nutritional status” AND “Children under five years” AND “Multivariate” AND “Cross-sectional”. The inclusion criteria were full-text, cross-sectional study, and published in English. The data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> A meta-analysis included 14 cross-sectional studies from Hong Kong, Nepal, Mongolia, Morocco, Uganda, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Egypt, and China. The total sample was 52,863 children under five. The results of the meta-analysis showed that exposure to tobacco smoke was 2.08 times more at risk of developing pneumonia than children under five who were not exposed (aOR=2.08; Cl 95%=1.30 to 3.32; p= 0.002). The presence of poor nutritional status is 2.00 times more at risk of experiencing pneumonia than children under five with no malnutrition status. (aOR=2.00; 95% Cl=1.31 to 3.06; p= 0.001).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Exposure to tobacco smoke and poor nutritional status in toddlers can increase the risk of pneumonia.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> exposure to tobacco smoke, poor nutritional status, children under five years pneumonia.</p> <p><strong>Correspondence:</strong><br />Atika Dwi Minawati. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email: dwiminawatiatika@gmail.com. Mobile: +625212613303.</p>2023-10-16T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Healthhttps://jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/629Meta-Analysis: Effects of Lession and Exposed to Risk Factor on Leptospirosis Infection2023-08-24T12:37:42+07:00Satriyo Fajar Wicaksonodr.satriyofw@student.uns.ac.idSetyo Sri Rahardjodr.satriyofw@student.uns.ac.idBhisma Murtidr.satriyofw@student.uns.ac.id<p><strong>Background:</strong> Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that occurs due to interactions between agents, hosts, and the environment. Leptospira bacteria can infect humans through wounds on the skin and mucosa of the body. This study aims to examine the effect of injury history and contact risk factors on the incidence of leptospirosis by using meta-analysis.</p> <p><strong>Subjects and Method:</strong> This was a systematic review and meta-analysis study carried out using the PICO model. P: Adults. Intervention: injury and contact. Comparison= no injuries and no contact with risk factors. Outcome: Leptospirosis. The meta-analysis was conducted by systematically reviewing articles from Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer Link, and Science Direct. Search keywords “Wound OR Lession AND Leptospira”, “Risk Factor Exposure AND Leptospira”, “Risk Factor AND Leptospira AND adjusted odds ratio”. The inclusion criteria used were full paper articles from 2002-2022 using Indonesian and English. The study design used was observational and the analysis used multivariate adjusted odds ratio results. Articles were collected using the PRISMA diagram and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Meta-analysis included 22 cross-sectional and case-control studies from Indonesia, India, Iran, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, France, Germany, Kenya, Tanzania, Australia, Fiji, British Virgin Islands, Mexico, Jamaica, Peru, and Argentina. Leptospirosis increased with history of injury (aOR= 3.51; 95% CI= 2.94 to 4.19; p<0.001) and contact with risk factors (aOR=1.82; 95% CI=1.25 to 2.65; p=0.002).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> History of injury and contact with risk factors increases the risk of developing Leptospirosis.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> history of injury, contact risk factors, leptospirosis, meta-analysis</p> <p><strong>Correspondence:</strong><br />Satriyo Fajar Wicaksono. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: dr.satriyofw@student.uns.ac.id. Mobile: +6285641711987.</p>2023-10-16T00:00:00+07:00Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health